All over but the shoutin

Over but the Shoutin' In the excerpt from the memoir All Over but the Shoutin' , the author Rick Bragg highlights the moment when he paid a final visit to his father's deathbed. In the excerpt, Bragg briefly described his childhood, saying his father abandoned his wife and sons, and left them to beg, and scrap for food and money. He saw his father as a drunken monster, not caring for anyone but himself. Initially when Bragg arrived he was hesitant.He did not know the person his father had become and worried the erson he still was. Bragg was perplex about the state of his father. His father was physically unrecognizable and was not the man he had remembered. Bragg thought his father would be young, dressed nice and cleaned up very well. This was not the case. Bragg described his father as â€Å"the walking dead†, damaged and poisoned. He was no longer the man and monster Bragg had despised. Instead, a brittle snake skin of a man.In the end Bragg left with three gifts; a rifle, case full of books from his ather and a sense of somewhat forgiveness towards his father. After reading All Over but the Shoutin', there was a lack of acknowledgement father to son. Although his father was fragile, Bragg wanted so badly to question his manhood; make him feel the pain he once felt because of him. He wanted his father to say he was sorry and admit to his wrongdoings. Braggs needed his father to acknowledge his mistakes. I sensed Bragg knew a coward could and would never do so.

Is Time Real Essay

Is Time Real The aspects of time that we can understand are only based on what we can perceive, observe, and calculate. Every day we look at our watches or clocks. We plan our day around different times of the day. Time tells us when to eat, when to sleep, and how long to do things for. Is time real? To answer this question, let me explain what time is first. Time is defined as a measured or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. This broad definition lacks the simple explanation that humans are searching for. There are many scientists, philosophers, and thinkers who have tried to put time into understanding terms. In the following paragraph, I will discuss the meaning of time perceived and theorized by two of the greatest minds of human kind ? Einstein and Kant. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity (study guide, 53) came up with the idea that both space and time were relative to the observer, or the state of motion of the observer (Broadcast). If there are two chairs, and you see someone sitting in one, when you turn away, you can not be sure that he or she is still there. You also can not be sure that they are not in two chairs at the same time, or what point in time they are in them. This all leads up to Einstein’s theory that time is relative. What Einstein’s theory seemed to tell us was that time is not absolute and universal. It can be changed by motion. Each observer carries around his own personal scale of time and it does not absolutely agree with anybody else’s. However, some philosophers have argued that all time is unreal. Kant, for example, claimed that time both the subjective time we experience as flowing, and objective time as the fixed series of all events ? is a construct of the human mind (Manuel Velasquez, 244). For Kant space and time are not real things, but are modes of experience. Kant’s solution was to say that there is something in our mind, that makes everything that we experience to our sense be located in time so that the physical world is simply bound to be temporal because of the way our minds works (Broadcast). From my point of view, time is definitely real, only our experience of time is subjective. For example, we see a train with blue color followed by yellow color followed by blue and so on. We will at first be able to distinguish the blue from the yellow as the train starts moving. After a while, the train moves very fast that the sequence appears to be simultaneous to our eyes and mind and we see green. We can see time is real because blue follows yellow, but our perception of time is subjective because we don’t see a sequence of blue following yellow, but something else entirely. In conclusion, time is not easily explained or understood by anyone. Einstein and Kant have expanded their minds by coming up with possible theories for the unknown. We can theorize, and calculate our own, but I think it will always be an unknown. The mysteries of the universe will in my opinion be just that, a mystery. Resources: Manuel Velasquez. â€Å"Introduction: What is philosophy† Philosophy: A text with Readings. New York: Wadsworth, 2005. 244.

The Social Learning And Differential Association Theories

Introduction This paper will outline and discuss the social learning and differential association theories and how those two theories impact and influence gang and violence surrounding said gangs. Although there is no set definition of gang violence, the United States Department of Justice has defined gangs as at least three persons with a common identity either through colors, signs, physical markings or other symbols. There are different types of gangs involved in criminal activities such as street gangs, prison gangs, and outlaw motorcycle gangs. These individuals band together or act along to inflict threats, pain, suffering, injury and often time death on many innocent victims and at times each other. Street gangs range from neighborhood gangs to gangs on a national level, such as the well-known â€Å"Bloods†. Often time the neighborhood gangs inflict crimes of violent nature such as murder and assault on rival gang members for new member initiation, retaliation and turf wars. 2013 National Gang Report. Street gang violence also involves crimes such as assaults, murder, robberies, and rape. Among other crimes committed by street gang members are prostitution rings, burglaries, distribution and selling of drugs, and counterfeiting. (CITE) Although the latter is not considered as â€Å"violent crimes† per se; however, due to the threats and intimidation demonstrated by the gang members, the victims are subject to the activities escalating into crimes of a more violentShow MoreRelatedDifferential Association Theory By Edwin H. Sutherland969 Words   |  4 PagesDifferential Association theory by Edwin H. Sutherland states that criminal behavior is learned. Sutherla nd’s theory is essentially arguing that individuals that engage in criminal activity have learned to engage in criminal activity from association with others. Differential Association theory is broken down into nine propositions. The first proposition is that criminal behavior is learned (Sutherland, 2010). The second proposition states that the interaction with the other person or persons hasRead MoreSocial Learning Theory 1741 Words   |  7 Pagesthat social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers Sellers, 2013). Akers’ social learningRead MoreSocial Learning Theory Of Crime1278 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept, social learning theory has been applied to the many different fields of social science to explain why certain individuals develop motivation to commit (or abstain from) crime and develop the skills to commit crime through the people they associate with. Social Learning Theory (SLT) is one of the most frequently looked at theories in the criminology field. This theory was introduced by Ronald L. Akers as a reformulation of Edwin H. Sutherland s (1947) differential association theory of crimeRead MoreSocial Learning Theory839 Words   |  3 Pagesthis assignment, I will be studying social learning theory. Social learning theory was first proposed by Albert Bandura. It is a theory that emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others, (Social Learning Theory, n.d.). There are three main hypotheses of social learning theo ry. 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Everyone is guilty of primary deviance. However, this does not mean that they perceive themselves to be a bad person. This is perception is where secondary deviance comes in. With secondary deviance, the individual, is labeled by the act of deviance that they committed, whether it is by themselvesRead MoreIp3 Crime Causation1535 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will focus on sociological theories of crime and their description, the strengths and weaknesses of each; sociological control theory, strain theory, differential association theory and neutralization theory. This essay will also focus on Rajartnam who was convicted for inside trading in 2011. Introduction A different approach to criminological theory was taken in the 1960’s although; it was a derivative of older theories. The labeling theory wanted to know questions about crime andRead MoreHow do Differential Association Theories best Demonstrate that Criminal Behaviour is a ‘Learned Behaviour’1007 Words   |  5 PagesDifferential association theory was Sutherland’s major sociological contribution to criminology, similar in importance to strain theory and social control theory. These theories all explain deviance in terms of the individual’s social relationship. Sutherland’s theory make tracks from the pathological perspective and biological perspective by features the cause of crime to the social context of individuals. â€Å"He rejected biological determinism and the extreme individualism of psychiatry, as well asRead MoreThe Tattoo By Chris Mckinney Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthat one can learn criminal and violent behaviour by thos e who they hold close interpersonal relationships with, for example, family and friends. In saying that, I will be using the social learning theory looking in particular at Edwin Sutherland and his notion of differential association and Akers concept of differential reinforcement to explore the relationship between Ken Hideyoshi and Koa Puana. In The Tattoo, we were introduced to Koa Kauhi Puana who originates from Kahaluu on the Windward side

Role Of The Vestal Virgin As A Priestess Of Isis - 1812 Words

Kat Hydrick Unit Five Essay: The Romans October 20, 2014 The purpose for my essay is to further explore to role of the Vestal Virgin as and a priestess of Isis within the fabric of the Roman Empire society. (3) The time period I will further explore to better cover this topic shall be from the very beginning of their use in early Rome, to the time of 394 B.C.E (1) in which Christianity became to the chosen religion of Rome. I hope I can cover not only their role, but their culture, as well as their impact within ancient Rome. A Vestal Virgin was a priestess of Vesta, the goddess of the hearth which was in fact the center of every Roman atrium and home. (1) It was in the house that Vesta was most important because she was the goddess of the hearth and of fire. (2) Vesta is particularly important to women of the household as the hearth was the place where food was prepared and next to it the meal was eaten with offerings being thrown into the fire to seek the future from the way it burned. The sanctity of the College of the Vestals was regarded as fundamental to the continuance and security of Rome. The Vestal Virgins cultivated the sacred fire that was not allowed to go out. (1) The Vestals were freed of the usual social obligations to marry and bear children, and took a vow of chastity in order to devote themselves to the study and correct observance of state rituals that were off-limits to the male colleges of priests. (2) In order to be one of the sixShow MoreRelatedRole Of The Vestal Virgin As A Priestess Of Isis1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose for my essay is to explore the role of the Vestal Virgin as and a priestess of Isis within the fabric of the Roman Empire society. (3) The time period I will examine to better cover this topic shall be from the establishment of these cults in early Rome, to the time of 394 B.C.E (1) in which Christianity became to the chosen religion of Rome. Within this paper I plan on covering their role, their culture, and their impact upon ancient Rome. To the ancient Romans, Vesta was the goddessRead MoreWomen And Roman Religion And Its Impact On Society Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe female role in Greek and Roman religion and its impact on society Throughout the ancient world, the aspects to which a successful society thrive under have been skewed, except for that of religion. Although a universal religion has never been adopted, most empires tend to follow a basic outline similar to one another. In relation to Greeks and Romans, this ideology still holds true. Religion between these two societies have had their differences, but for the most part they have kept the sameRead MoreEssay on Forgotten Half of History: Women in Ancient Civilization1569 Words   |  7 Pagestoday. Women are often seen as inferior to men and their vital role in the unfolding of ancient civilizations. There have been many vital roles that women have played throughout history. Women in all Ancient civilizations faced many of the same hardships, prejudices, and struggles. Two specific ancient civilizations, which had similar aspects, were Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome. In these two ancient civilization, women played important roles, which contributed t o the shaping of society. In Ancient Rome

The Mysterious Four Year University Essay - 1944 Words

The mysterious four-year university â€Å"What should I do after high-school?† a question asked by seniors all over the world each year. â€Å"should I work? Should I go to school? What school should I go to?† The unanswered questions that follow high school are numerous for many people. I graduated from high school just six months ago and underwent this big choice of what direction to take my life. I saw people all around me stressing for months, making check lists, pro/con lists, the whole nine yards trying to figure what they were going to do with their lives after they graduated. Growing up I always thought that after high school you go to a big four-year university and get a degree. That’s what all the movies showed me, that’s what my elementary teachers told me, and that’s how I thought life was supposed to go. It wasn’t until my senior and junior year of high school until I realized there were many more options then just a four-year university. One could go into the military, go straight into the working force, go to a technical school, go to a community college, do online school, travel, do mission trips, continue an athletic career, start a business; the paths one could choose are unlimited. This made me wonder about four-year universities though, what was the hype? Why did I hear about them so much? What drove people to attend them? What made people choose four-year universities over other educational options? Could finding answers to questions like these help the nextShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Sainte Marie As A Educator, A Talented Artist, And A Political Activist861 Words   |  4 PagesIndian history and by the age of four Sainte-Marie had single-handedly taught herself to play the piano. So even as a child, she was incredibly musically inclined. After receiving a guitar for her sixteenth birthday she began to write music for this new instrument. Like most young adults entering university and expanding and adapting, her music began to develop as she attended her university. Sainte-Marie studied Oriental philosophy during her time in university. After graduating with a Ba, sheRead MoreEssay about Akhenaten: Heretic Man or Visionary Pharaoh? 1235 Words   |  5 PagesNew Kingdom Egypt – that Amun-Re is the god of gods. Instead he put in place the Aten which is the ‘sun disc’ above Ra’s head and forced this religion upon his people. A fact which is acknowledged by an American university professor of history, Damen (2013) who states that by the third year of Akhenaten’s reign a major shift in Egyptian religion began. Firstly, Akhenaten changed his name from Amunhotep IV to honour his own god Aten by ridding his name of the god Amun-Re. Akhenaten also removed theRead MoreThe Disappearance Of The Lost Colony1598 Words   |  7 Pageschildren, sailed from Plymouth, England, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I to start a new life on the Outer Banks. This colony of over one hundred people disappeared from the Roanoke Island region, never to be seen again (Kramer 2). For over 400 years, historians and archeologists have attempted to determine what happened. Although there are several popular theories regarding the disappearance of the Lost Colony, the theory with the most evidence for being accurate is the migration theory. TheRead MoreAnalysis of Keats Captivating and Dismal Ballad La Belle Dame Sans Merci1326 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Keats is a spell binding poet, who lived a short life of 25 years, but left behind a towering legacy in the Romantic period. His work â€Å"La Belle Dame Sans Merci† is an imaginative masterpiece written in 1819, which was near his death in 1821. During the time he wrote the ballad, his brother died of tuberculosis; an ailment that swept over many members of his family, including him. He also became devoted to young woman, Fanny Brawne, but struggled with his continuous meager ownerships. The timeRead MoreAnemi A Rare Genetic Disorder856 Words   |  4 PagesGenetics at the University of Utah. People with this disease tend to experience global developmental delays, seizures, difficulty with movement, problems with liver function, and the difficulty to produce tears. The symptoms of this disease can vary since not all the information has been gathered about NG LY1 deficiency. The first thing geneticists look for when searching for the cause of mysterious mutation is knowing the DNA mutations sequence. The first case to appear was in a four-year-old boy namedRead MoreBiography of Edgar Allan Poe951 Words   |  4 Pagespoet who grew up with theater in his blood and who became known for his style of literature. 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They are mysterious and the universeRead MoreI Have a Theory1423 Words   |  6 Pagespeople to see parts of the universe never before imagined, in new ways never before conceived, have advanced mans theoretical capabilities on explaining the origin of the universe, a task that has been a part of intelligent mans life for thousands of years† (para 1, n.d.). As our technology advances, we are able to answer questions. Going back a few centuries to a time of revelation to Nicholas Copernicus, he had a revolutionary idea that paved the way of thinking that the sun was the center of our universeRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Sorrows1033 Words   |  5 PagesPoe’s sorrows. Edgar Allan Poe is considered one of the greatest of his time. He lived with his parents No sooner than his father had left his mother passed. She died from tuberculosis at the mere age of twenty four. Poe and his siblings were by her side until her last breath. He later became the dependent of John Allan of Richmond, Virginia hence Allan being Poe’s middle name. The Allans were quite fond of young Poe as they had no children. Frances Allan was very motherly and nurturing towardsRead MoreStatement of Purpose921 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years, my interest in the fashion industry has evolved along with my understanding and through my studies, personal experience and personal research. I have decided that a career in International Fashion Marketing is a perfect fit for me. The highly rated International Fashion Marketing course at Caledonian University will give me the necessary tools to turn my career ambitions into reality. I am especially excited that this course was de signed with the industry consultation and combines

Medical School Diversity Essay Example For Students

Medical School Diversity Essay Introduction Companies in the 21st century are facing fierce competition, economic and global challengers. In the midst of challengers organisations should have distinctive competences to resist it. Survival depends on the maintenance of market share by having good image, cost leadership, sound technical or service superioty, committed employees and speed of market. Organisations success depends on how well the use of resource are utilised in achieving the core competences. Human assets are becoming the most important resource because of the rapid growth in the service sector. Human resources hold valuable knowledge and information, which sets them a part as the source in creating intellectual capital that sets a firm a part from its competitors (Kamoche, 2001) The most important resource for successful organisation is its human resources therefore firms cannot treat human assets as commodities. To create value, management should try to find ways to utilise employees efficiently. The importance of human resource management to align with the business strategy is fundamental to the firms achievement of competitive advantage. As Bratton and Gold (1999: 08) describes human assets have the characteristic of creating value to the firm, be unique, difficult to imitate and substituted. In the past decade diversity has been the forerunner in the argument of human resource management. Workplace diversity is about acknowledging differences adopting to work practices to create an inclusive environment in which our diverse skills, perspectives and backgrounds are valued (Nicholas, 2000:14). This article will examine the benefits and the issues the firms would have in capturing diversity. The article will also concentrate on the central issue of the importance of integrating the human resource strategy with business strategy. Finally the article would conclude the problems faced by the HR managers in implementing practices and policies. Diversity has been a competitive tool for most organisation because of the development of technology that results in the relocation of resources and people, increasing globalisation, aging of workforce, continued ethnic diversification (Hudson, 2002). Diversity is commonly referred in relation to ethnicity gender and culture but its scope is widened as far as age, disability, language, religouis beliefs, life stages and education. Diversity is beneficial to companies as job satisfaction reducers cost on turnover and absenteeism (Hudson, 2002). With the increase in job satisfaction higher levels of production also can be achieved. This is similar to the Soft Approach of human resource management. The soft approach takes the view the benefits will accrue in the long run. Organisations persistence for good work practise will earn the reputation tag as a good place of work. All these are consequences in the long term reiterated by the theorist of the soft approach. Beer et al (1984) and Guest (1987) stated by applying human resource policies firms could achieve committed, competent employees, which would be cost effective in turn increasing the companies bottom line. Shiel (2001) based a review on South African Beers (SAB) reputation for implementing equity-employment plan aimed at significantly increasing the number of African, Asian and black people throughout the salaried staff, so that these ranks would be more demographically representative of the markets served. These were in place 27 years before equal opportunity legislation was introduced in South Africa. This earned a good reputation for the firm, which was a benchmark for other firms. Another benefit stated by Robbinson and Dechant (1997) from diversity is the ability to create value through creative, innovative ideas to solve problems. A diversified workforce will enhance the creativity as individuals are from different backgrounds. This in turn would create innovate ideas. Ideas to be creative and innovative workforces and teams have to b e managed productively. This type of team building and creating groups tend to be theorised under the Hard Approach of human resource management. Hard HRM emphasises treating employees as a means to achieving the organisation strategy, as a resource that is used in calculative and purely rational way. Hard HRM assumes that increasing productivity will continue to be managements principal reason for improving HRM. Creativity and problem solving can create conflict in organisations. Companies have to be careful to foster conflict in a positive direction. Organisations work in complex cultures locally and across boundries. Australian society for example has changed in the past 20 years. According to the Australian bureau of statistics out of the 18.7(m) population 43% are either born overseas or parents are migrants. Further out of the total work force 23% are migrants. As the statistics reveal the society the organisation operates have become complex therefore appreciating the impact of these changes are crucial. Recent government statistics estimated in United States revealed that minority groups have a collective spending power of well over $1 trillion USD (Kamoche, 2001). Women and minorities are starting new business and growing existing ones at a much faster pace than their more established counterparts. A talent pool comprising diverse backgrounds and experience will help provide stronger communications, new ideas and innovative solutions for this emerging marketplace, resulting in a distinct business advantage for companies (Robbinson and Dechant, 1997). The Scottish financial institution Halifax CEO quoted as saying people do business with like people, so it is important that our workforce represents the communities in which they operate(Hudson, 2002). The inclusion of ethnic workforce to represent the markets is a strategic imperative, which is similar to the hard approach of HRM. But there are academics that might argue to the contrary to this statin g it is the organisations genuine interest characterising the Soft approach of HRM. Diversity is commonly referred in relation to ethinicity, gender and culture but it is focused in other areas. As for example age diversity benefits have been the hallmark of the UK giant consumer production producer Tesco. As stated by Hudson (2002) Tesco provides training to all age groups whether its a school leaver or a post-retired employee. Tescos ability to provides training builds a career regardless of age. A good example of a gender based diversity programme is the Australian financial institution Westpac that initiates workplace initiatives and sponsoring for women (Nicholas and Semmartino, 2000). The two schools of thought reiterate the achievement of overall objectives of the organisation through HR practices and policies. Bratton and Gold (1999: 08) argue that hard approach is needed because of competition. This model is closer to reality as it takes into consideration the business perf ormance and the preference of the superior stakeholder i.e. shareholders. The limitation of the soft model is the above reference but some companies have resulted in this approach accruing long-term effects as the SAB beer company. It is difficult to find any one approach applied by one company. Schuler and Jackson (2000:10) emphasised that companies have a mix of hard and soft approaches. Now let us consider how policies and practices are implemented to achieve the strategic objectives of the firm. Both the models look at policy formulation in the same vain taking into consideration of the organisation objectives. Harvard model emphasises the need for its policy to have employee influence, managinging into, through and out of the organisation, reward system, work system integrated without having dis joint and adhoc systems (Beer et al, 1984). Most of the companies use diversity programmes to disguise themselves as socially responsible personal or as to avoid litigation from the law . This kind of policy making would disrupt the potential benefits of diversity. Harvard model emphasises the need for all stakeholders interest taken into consideration in formulating strtegies. The reality is somewhat different, as dominant stakeholders would have an upper hand on companys direction. Most organisations debate on socially responsible matters and shareholder wealth creation. These two are correlated to the share price, organisations willingness to exert excess funds and time on socially responsible activities would be seen by the shareholders as negative effect on there investment. There is research that shows that more diverse the team, the more conflict there would be. But the eventual outcome was determined not by the teams diversity, it was how everyone handled the conflict. As stated by Liberman and Harrington (2002) if it was a group that saw conflict as part of the creative process to get best results, then the diversity paid off. Better managers are best at f inding the good conflict in diversity and turn it around. As Guest (1995:25) states in his theory, if the organisation is constantly changing, change can be managed to the benefit of the firm by implement policies and practicers. HRM to act as change agent, a coherent strategy linked to hrm should be implemented. Where Dunphy and Stace (1990:56) concluded in a finding that HRM becomes important when management attempts to change strategy to re- establish fit. In a diversified environment if the management did not utilise the benefits of the learning organisation by creating appropriate practices and policies the advantages would not be accrued. The problem with the practices and policies of diversity is the difficulty in linking the benefits to it. In a survey done by professor Thomas Koochan cited in the article by Liberman and Harrighton (2002) was that he could not find the link between diversity and performance. For example increased diversity training did not have any impact on the business performance. Koochans Research was criticised because of the small no of companies investigated. There is the other problem of having policies implemented by the management at the strategic level. In a study done by Guest in (1990) he found out that only a few companies implement a human resource strategy aligned to the business strategy. As can be seen from the problems inherent in the implementation of the policies and practices organisations are still reluctant to approach HRM in a strategic sense. Conclusion The following article has provided with the developments in Human resource management. HRM has been in the drawback for many years under personal management. Diversity benefits are accruing as the latest HRM fad to hit the management wavelengths. Diversity benefits the organisation through cost savings on employee turnover, building of innovative ideas and acquiring an understanding of new business opportunities. Approaches adopted by different companies can be categorised into hard and soft elements of hrm. Hard hrm focuses on achieving the strategic goals by manipulating the employees in a rational way. Soft Hrm focuses on outcomes for people and achieving the objectives in the long term. In practice companies have a mix of both approaches. The criticism of these models is the failure to prove the link between implementation and performance. Despite the recent research and scrutiny, many employers say they maintain diversity programs because they help their company be better. At Dell, officials say diversity programs help access top talent, improve customer experiences and drive globalisation efforts (Hudson, 2002). We believe its essential. You have to have a clearly defined business imperative to do this, says Thurmond Woodard, Dells vice president of global diversity (Hudson, 2002). Anything you do in business that doesnt give you a competitive advantage wont be sustainable. In conclusion for companies to achieve business strategies successfully Hrm strategies has to be linked. References Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) website (Acessed 18 August 2003). Bratton, J Gold, J (1999), Human resource management phenomenon Human resource management: theory and practice. 2nd ed. Houndmills Hampshire: Macmillan. Beer, M. Spector, B.Lawrence P.R.Mills, Q.D. and Walton,R.E. (1984), Managing Human Assets: the ground breaking Harvard business school programme, The Free Press, New York. Dunphy, D.and Stace, D. (1990), from business strategy to human performance, in under new management: Australian organisations in transition, McGraw Hill, Sydney. Guest, D. (1995), Human Resource Management, Trade Unions and Industrial Relations, Human Resource Management: a critical text, Rooutledge, London. Guest, D. (1987), Human Resource Management and Industrial relations, Journal of Management Studies, vol .18, pp.24. Hudson, R. (2002), Workplace Diversity a Competitive Advantage, Human Resource Management International Digest, vol.10, pp.9-12. Kamoche, K.N. (2001), Understanding Human Resource Management, Open University Press Buckinghamshire, pp.22-3 Liberman, V.Harrington, L. (2002), Across the Board, vol.39, issue 3, pg 71. Murphy, D. (2003), Diversity Efforts Dont Help Firms Bottom Lines, Journal of Labour Research, vol 32, pg 37 Nicholas, S. and Semmartino, A. (2000), Corporate Awareness of Diversity in Australia Workplace, Australian centre for international business, Melbourne. Robbinson, Dechant, K. (1997), Business Case for Diversity, pg 21-31. Sheil, C. (2001), South African Breweries Group, Thunderbird International Business Review, vol 43, issn 10964762,pg 569-80. Jackson, S. Schuler, R. (2000), Understanding human resource management in the context of organisations and their environment, Malden Mass. Blackwell. Attorney Essay

Walls of Jericho Essay Example

Walls of Jericho Paper The walls of Jericho For Christians, the Bible is the infallible word of God. For others, the Bible is a document written by men with many basic truths. For some, it is just a book of fairy tales to explain away unsolved mysteries. This paper will briefly describe the Bibles account of the battle of Jericho. It will then discuss four major pieces of archeological evidence found at the site of Jericho that accurately corroborates the Bible’s account of the Israelite siege that destroyed the city. Many archeological discoveries have brought increased recognition to the events described in the Bible. The evidence found at the site of Jericho supports the Bible as a credible source of History. In the Bible’s account of the fall of Jericho, Joshua, who had been chosen to succeed Moses, sent two spies into Jericho. These spies were helped by a prostitute named Rahab whose house was built against one of the outer walls. Before the spies left Jericho they promised Rahab that her family would be spared when the city was destroyed. When the spies returned to camp they informed Joshua of the fear the people inside the city walls were expressing and explained of the promise they made to Rahab for her aid. We will write a custom essay sample on Walls of Jericho specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Walls of Jericho specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Walls of Jericho specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Israelites are then commanded to march around Jericho once each day for six days and seven times on the seventh day. On the last day after the seventh march they were to shout at the walls and then the walls would just fall. God instructed them not to take anything from the city other than precious metals to be kept in the treasury for the lord. The Israelites obeyed their commandments and conquered Jericho Joshua 6:1-27 (New Living Translation). According to the Bible â€Å"The harvest had just been taken† Joshua 3:15 (New living translation). The site at Jericho has had three major excavations. Carl Watzinger and Ernest Sellin led the first excavation from 1907 to 1911. The second excavation was led by John Garstang from 1930 to1936 and the third by Kathleen Kenyan from 1952 to 1958. The site also had a small one month-long excavation led by two Italian archeologists Lorenzo Negro and Nicol Marchetti in 1997. The first piece of evidence that must be discussed is the collapse of the outer walls. In 1907 the first excavation found fallen red brick at the base of the city. In 1950 Kathleen Kenyon determined these bricks were from the walls that collapsed when the city was destroyed (Wood Byer, 2002). Second, according to Joshua (6:24) the Israelites, burned the city with fire, and all that was in it. Excavations revealed a layer of burned ash and debris about three-feet thick. â€Å"The destruction was complete. † According to Kathleen Kenyon â€Å"Walls and floors were blackened or reddened by fire, and every room was filled with fallen bricks, timbers, and household utensils; in most rooms the fallen debris was heavily burnt† (Wood Byer, 2002). The third piece of evidence found that corroborates the Bible is the full jars of grain found in the lower storage rooms in the homes of the city. Grain was valuable not only as a source of food but was also used as a commodity for sale or trade. The presence of these grains still in the destroyed city is entirely consistent with the biblical account, Dr. Wood wrote . The city did not fall as a result of a starvation siege, as was so common in ancient times. Instead, the Bible tells us Jericho was destroyed after but seven days (Wilford, 2010). The Israelites were ordered not to take anything except precious metals, which would explain why the grain wasn’t taken. The last piece of evidence is the promise made to Rahab that her family would be spared. Rahab’s home was built against the outer wall. On the north side a short stretch of the lower city wall did not fall as everywhere else. A portion of that mud brick wall was still standing. What is more, there were houses built against the wall. In conclusion, the evidence found at the site of Jericho is consistent with the Bibles account of the city’s destruction. . The walls fell outwards as the Bible describes. The city was burned as the Bible describes and the homes built against the only section of wall that did not fall suggest that Rahabs promise was kept. The archeological evidence found at the site of Jericho gives further proof of the historic accuracy of the Bible. References Wilford, J. N. (1990, February22,). Believers score in Battle over the Battle of Jericho. The New York Times. Retrieved from www. nytimes. com/1990/02/22/world/believers-score-in-battle-over-the-battle-of-jericho Wood, B. , Byer, G. (2002). Is the Bible accurate concerning the destruction of walls of Jericho []. Retrieved from